paralyze

Most college application essay resources discourage talking about sensitive topics such as politics, religion, and sexuality in your admission essay.  However, change is slowly but surely arriving, as more and more people are approaching these subjects with more tolerance and acceptance.  Despite this, topics such as one’s sexuality should still be written with a lot of care.  Though you want to reveal more of yourself to the readers of your essay, great care should be taken when expressing your views, your aspirations, your experiences, and what else you deem fit to discuss in your college application essay.

*  Is sexual orientation within the scope of affirmative action?

Affirmative action is a kind of approach that takes into account a person’s ethnicity, gender, religion, and disability and allows him or her the equal rights to employment or admission.  This approach is mandated in most corporations and government agencies when it comes to employment while most universities and academic institutions also follow these to strike a balance in their student body.  Sexual orientation is also a part of what affirmative action covers and as such, people cannot be judged regarding their sexual preferences when it comes to looking for a job or getting a college degree.

*  What are the pros of using sexual orientation as an admission essay theme?

The thing about discussing sexual orientation in your college admission essay is to not make it just the central theme of your piece.  Though most people nowadays are more open to liberal views on relationships and sexuality, make it a point to refer to more than just your partner preference.  Applicants who have differing gender preferences can discuss how their choices have influenced their lives.  Say you’re an officer at the local LGBT club.  You can cite the experiences and skills that you’ve learned so far and how it has made you a better person.  As long as you discuss your sexual preferences in your essay in a tactful and effective manner, it becomes an effective topic.

*  What are the cons of using sexual orientation as an admission essay theme?

Though discrimination is largely frowned upon on nowadays, there is still that degree of discomfort that can be felt especially if the topic of gender and sexuality is not clearly discussed in your college admission essay.  This kind of topic is still a bit sensitive to hear or discuss for most people and most online resources on college essay writing also discourage making this a very prominent theme in one’s essay.  In fact, some people actually don’t think it’s necessary to disclose sexual preference when applying for a job or for college because it does not and should not be the basis for your acceptance or employment.  However, if you strongly feel that sexual preference plays a big part in giving the college admissions panel members an insight to your personality as a prospective student, then proceed with caution.  Also be prepared for questions that though not discriminatory in nature, are just borne out of the uniqueness of your topic.

Kolkata the capital city of West Bengal is a city of passion and talent, the inhabitants of Kolkata city are full of enthusiasm and very lively, here the people live their life to the fullest. To know more and the best about culture of Kolkata one can join the adda i.e. the local parlance in the city where people come together for chat sessions. The discussions that take place here are on a varied subjects ranging from sports, politics, religion, books, news, art, music, food, films, etc. The discussions are quiet informative and end up peacefully.
 
The Bengali people are generally fond of music and art. Here one can always find an aspiring singer in almost every house. They are much fond of tempting dishes, every Bengali meal has to end up with a mesmerizing mouth-watering dessert. Here one cannot find much of junk food.
 
The city is known for its different festivals which are celebrated here from time to time. There are large number of film fests, fairs, music conferences and folk fairs conducted in Kolkata. Here we can see the people of various religions like Armenians, Parsis, Anglo Indians, Marwaris, Jews, and the blissful people of China town under the same roof. Kolkata attracts large number of tourists there are many amusement parks, heritage buildings, museums, galleries, temples and churches. 

There are many flights to Kolkata which run on day to day basis. The city is well connected to the important towns of the country by air. Flights are available from all important cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmadabad and many more. The passengers can book their tickets online according to their requirements. The tickets are available in all ranges so one can take the low range ticket and also the expensive one as per the requirement. The Airlines like Air India, Jet Airways, Indian Airlines, Spicejet, Air Deccan, Kingfisher, Indigo and GO Air operate regularly to Kolkata from all important locations.

There is a lot of demand from the passengers for these low cost cheap airline services especially international travelers are seeking for these kinds of services. The Air Deccan plans to start the flights and the addition of these flights will make Air Deccan to service all busy routes from the various parts of the country. Air Deccan already has basis at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, and Hydarabad etc.

The humble little cannabis sativa plant is the center of one of the hottest issues between politics, religion, and medicine in all of history. Amidst all of the controversy and regardless of where they stand on the issue, medical professionals must find themselves curious about it. Is marijuana the miracle drug it is purported to be in some circles, or is this a lot of media hype? And likewise, is marijuana the dangerous, addicting road to drug-addled debauchery that the moral crusaders would have us believe, or is that, too, a lot of hype?

The claims about the medical benefits of marijuana, if all true, would instantly make it one of the most versatile drugs in history. So far, researches have proposed that it could treat Alzheimer’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, dystonia, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, gliomas, hepatitis C, hypertension, incontinence, osteoporosis, pruritis, rheumatoid arthritis, sleep apnea, and Tourette’s syndrome. The reports of new finding pour in every day. The latest claim is that cannabis extracts may shrink brain tumors and other cranial cancers by blocking the growth of the blood vessels which feed them.

Beyond medical treatment of existing ailments, marijuana is also claimed to be preventative of a whole larger spectrum of problems as well. It is supposed to prevent blindness, migraines, and depression. It is said that marijuana has both stalled the growth of and eliminated brain tumors in rats. Oh, and it fights hardened arteries and actually helps cleanse the lungs, preventing tumors. Come on, can it really be all that? What else, does it make whites whiter and colors brighter?

It could be argued that much of the news of marijuana’s health treatment uses are motivated by the desire to legalize it for recreational usage as well. After all, we are talking about a cheap, easily cultivated, low-dosage psychoactive narcotic with a mellow high, almost no side effects, and a low physical addiction rate.

Its effects can be felt merely by eating it, although smoking and, increasingly, vaporizing it are the preferred methods of recreational consumption. There have so far been no reported deaths or reports of permanent injuries sustained as a result of a marijuana overdose. There’s no sense fooling ourselves – people want to party, and those with a recreational motive might make up any fact they could get their hands on to justify their right to party.

A marijuana dosage and its associated high produce a group of psychoactive effects. The inebriated state is somewhat comparable to the effects of alcohol. Temporary impairment of memory functioning, motor skills, and cognition are all demonstrated. However, marijuana’s effects are largely dependent on the mood of the individual at the time of dosage. In short, a body at rest tends to stay at rest, and a body in motion tends to stay in motion. This variable effect is known as “set and setting”.

The illegality of usage and its demonized reputation as a gateway drug have created the flack in the opposite direction. Regarding international laws, it is legal for all uses in just under 10% of the world, decriminalized for medical use in about 50% of the world, illegal but unenforced in 10% of the world, and fully illegal in 30% of the world. Part of that is misleading, however – it is either decriminalized or legal for medical purposes in 18 states of the US as far as state laws go, but still illegal on a Federal level. Also, in parts of Europe, it is legal only in designated areas, so the whole country doesn’t really count.

Finally, “decriminalized” isn’t the same thing as “legal”, but only means that possession is punishable by a citation, confiscation, and a fine instead of by prison time.

It is probably logical to conclude that there is a substantial amount of propaganda and misinformation from both marijuana advocates and opponents due to the legal issues of marijuana, including the legal and political constraints on marijuana research, the firmly held beliefs of the public, and the religious beliefs against it. The most confounding factor in marijuana research is said to be the prevalent usage of other recreational drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, in the research subjects.

Such research complications demonstrate the need for studies on marijuana where stronger controls are used, and investigations into the symptoms of marijuana use that may also be caused by tobacco or other drugs. Much marijuana research in the United States is funded by government agencies that publish position papers which only cite research studies that report negative consequences of marijuana use. In light of this, some people question whether these agencies are making an honest effort to present an accurate, unbiased summary of the evidence, or whether they are slanting the results in favor of keeping it criminalized.

The medical field is caught in the middle of an ethical and scientific tug of war, which should be a familiar feeling to many. After the huge controversies over abortion, stem cell research, scientific findings pointing to evolution, cloning and gene therapy, cosmetic surgery, and artificial insemination, one could hardly blame medical researchers if they got disgusted and quit – or at least packed their bags and left the country for a place where they could do their job without quite so much politics getting in the way.

The medical marijuana controversy has reached a particularly poignant milestone just recently. The case is one Ms. Angel Raich, who is a long-term and terminally-ill medical cannabis patient in California. Ms. Raich is an Oakland mother of two who suffers from scoliosis, a brain tumor, chronic nausea and other ailments and complications.

On her doctor’s advice, she eats or smokes marijuana every couple of hours through the day to ease her pain and bolster her appetite as conventional drugs did not work. In spite of this, the hospice where she was staying got raided, and she faces criminal prosecution. Her doctor has protested that marijuana is the only thing keeping her alive, and the federal appeals court has now handed down the decision that she is to be prosecuted by the law – anyway!

Not only that, but this is not even the first time that medical marijuana has been denied as a treatment option, even to those terminally ill and even in states where it is legal for medical usage. This sobering state of events highlights the bind that the medical profession is in. There has seldom in history been such a case where criminal law and the Hippocratic Oath have been at such odds with each other.

Everyday Etiquette: Great Britain

Meeting People

In general the British prefer to be introduced to strangers, if at all possible wait for a third party introduction when meeting someone new.

Physical Greetings

Great Britain (especially England) is a non touching culture. When greeting someone a handshake accompanied by a “Pleased to meet you” is appropriate. When departing be sure to shake everyone’s hand, a general group wave as is often done in the United States is not looked on favorably.

Physical Space

The British value space between one another.

Eye Contact

Strong eye contact is not overly common among strangers and casual acquaintances, too much eye contact is considered and invasion of privacy. Eye contact is used when one really wants to make a point, when speaking with close friends, and when interest in a person or topic wants to be stressed.

Good Topics of Discussion

If all else fails mention the weather!

Bad Topics of Discussion

Politics, religion, and sex. Also the common American question “what do you do?” is considered rude and too personal.

Communication Style

The British are a big fan of the understatement; this is shown in their choice of words (“indeed”, “quite”), their volume (almost always quieter than other cultures) and body language (when first meeting facial expressions are kept to a minimum). Gestures are kept to a minimum and a polite self possessed manner is strived for.

Waiting in Line

Waiting in line (or queuing) is a never ending occurrence in the UK. You will find lines at every public facility, event, meet-up, etc. No matter how long the line is always go to the back and wait, and stay in line no matter how long it takes.

Walking

In the United Kingdom one walks on the left hand side and passes on the right.

Shopping

Customer service is not as “in your face” as it is in the United States. Generally a salesclerk will ignore you until eye contact is made signaling service is required.

When shopping at the grocery store be aware that if you touch the fruits or vegetables—you buy them.

Public Transportation

Always wait in line for a taxi, bus or train. When on the bus or train it is polite to give up your seat for the elderly, handicapped, pregnant women and parents with children.

When you board a taxi cab be sure to enter the cab from the opposite side of the driver and to sit in the back.

Tipping

Standard amounts are 10 to 15 percent. Services that are tipped are generally the same as those that are tipped for in the United States.

At a hotel bellmen are generally tipped 1 to 2 pounds per bag.

Appropriate Dress

Styles of dress are similar to those of the USA; however colors are often more muted (especially outside London).

Meal Time

Breakfast is typically from 7 to 9 AM.

A traditional “English Breakfast” is a large hearty meal consisting of: bacon, sausage (“bangers”) toast/croissants/muffins/scones, juice, fried potatoes, eggs, cereal and juice. Tea & coffee are also commonly taken.

A traditional “Irish Breakfast” is called a “fry up” and consists of fried eggs, bacon (boiled pork, the name for American style “bacon” is “rashers”) tomatoes, hot cereal, potatoes and juice.

Lunch is typically from 12 to 2 PM

Standard pub fare tend to make up Lunch—sandwiches, salads, etc.

High Tea & Regular Tea

Standard “Tea” is taken between 4 and 5 PM and consists of cakes, sweets, finger sandwiches and of course—tea.

Traditional High Tea is taken around 5 PM and is often a substitute for Dinner. High Tea includes all the fixings of a standard tea but includes a hot dish as well (pot pie, etc.)

Dinner is typically from 7-9 PM, with 8:00 being the traditional time. Formal dinners begin with an alcoholic drink followed by an appetizer.

Table Manners

The British do not switch their knife and fork as people do in the States. The fork remains in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.

Placing your utensils down on your plate signifies to wait staff that you are finished.

When not in use keep your hands in your lap and pass dishes to the left.

Who Pays?

In general the person who did the inviting is the person that pays.

Punctuality

It is very important to be on time.

English American English

Lift Elevator

Toilet/WC/Loo Restroom/Bathroom

Fortnight 2 weeks

To Knock Up To Wake Up

Surgery Doctor’s Office

Kiosk Telephone Booth

Tube Subway

Subway Underground Walkway

Pants Men’s Underwear

Trousers Pants

Napkin Diaper

Lorry Truck

Flat Apartment

Chips French Fries

Biscuit Cookie

To Ring To Call (on the telephone)

For more travel tips about Great Britain visit Glamour Getaways at http://www.glamourgetaways.com

Wikipedia encyclopedia refers to human rights as “basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled.” This exists in the areas of civil and political rights and particularly describes the right to life and liberty, freedom of expression, and equality before the law, social, cultural and economic rights includes the rights to participate in culture, the right to food, the right to work and the right to education. This is expressly summed up by Article 1 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR as:

“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.”

Although this article will not delve into the history of Human rights which covers thousands of years and mainly drawn from almost every department of life such as culture, politics, religion and economy etc, it will merely look into a certain period of military rule in Nigeria when Buhari/Idiagbon and the Late General Abacha were in power as the rulers of Nigeria. It will seek to some extent objectively compare and contrast these two regimes for the purpose of establishing human rights situation in Nigeria within the period under study.

However, it is very germane to add here that so many ancient documents which can be recognized as concepts of human rights have existed globally, but credit should be given the United Nations Organization for the shaping of International Human rights Law as we have it today.

Human rights is agreed to be violated when a state or non-state actor within the International Community breaches any part of the United Nations Human rights treaty. This is hard to hard as such state or non-state actor may constantly risk condemnation by vehemently denying the act, and consequently covering up these acts of abuses with several sets of further acts which may prove difficult to demonstrate, particularly in several parts of the African continent. 

General Mohammadu Buhari and Tunde Idiagbon (now deceased) came to power on Saturday December 31, 1983 although the regime of this duo was too short to appraise but the regime reigned in what many people of Nigeria could at best describe as dictatorial, even the successor regime of this regime led by General Ibrahim Babangida described the regime thus:

“He was too rigid and uncompromising in his attitude to issues of national significance”.

No sooner did Buhari/Idiagbon ceased government than the infamous Decree Number Four (DN4) of 1984 was promulgated by the duo; Buhari/Idiagbon became famous for coming down heavily against the Nigerian press, making the report of truth a very serious offence in the country, not many will for get the terrible situation of Tunde Thompson and Nduka Irabor of the Guardian who were imprisoned for making a ca report on the Government.  The Buhari/Idiagbon regime would also executed Bernard Ogedengbe, Bartholomew Owoh and Lawal Ojulope for an offence committed by them as alleged by the regime after a national debate in spite of public pleas, the execution of these gentlemen were made possible by a retroactive decree courtesy of Buhari/Idiagbon regime.

Buhari and his Deputy would again promulgate another Decree called Decree Number two (DN2) of 1984 which made it possible for Tunde Idiagbon to detain anybody whether such person is a citizen of the country or foreigner, this decree stripped the court of law of the powers to depend the reason such person is being detained. In essence, the decree did not recognize the significance of the judiciary but was merely interested in achieving its aims of dictatorial tendencies. In what would later follow, the world became amused to hear the verdicts of 125 years imprisonments handed down to the regime suspects.

Buhari was also noted to have utilized excessive force in handling drug peddlers caught, as he issued death penalties to them in what political commentators believed should not have attracted death sentences, still death was the fate of several of these suspects in laws that resembled that of Saudi Arabia and other Arab nations.

The tactics of the Buhari/Idiagbon regime became too harsh for the survival of the people, with arbitrary creation of decrees to lead the regime but promulgated to harshly lure the Nigerian public into playing into the waiting ready-made hand of the regime. Victims who became preys of these draconian decrees were mostly detained and made to remain inside prisons for as many years as Buhari and Idiagbon pleased.

There are those have argued in favour of this regime, in that according them the regime came up with the famous War Against Indiscipline which re-awakened Nigerians to the social norms of the society and helped to maintain societal order and respect for the Nigerian society as a whole. But this is outside the human rights records of the time.

The regime of General Sani Abacha who lived from 20 September 1943-8 June 1998 and the de facto military leader of Nigeria between 1993 and 1998) suffered stiff opposition internally and externally because Pro-democracy activists made the regime unpopular. His regime was accused of gross human rights abuses both home and abroad. The heights of his human rights abuses was the arrest and detention of Chief Moshhod Kolawole Olawale Abiola, the man who won the 1993 Presidential election in the country, Abiola would later die in detention in a circumstance yet unclear till this day though this was not in the days of Abacha but his mere detention caused a global uproar as the appeals of several notable people from around the world to the Military leader to free Abiola was not heeded by him.

But the peak of the gross abuse of human rights in the country was ushered by the arrest, detention and hanging of Ken Saro-Wiwa, an activist by the regime in what was globally condemned.

Some the activities that characterized his regime as a tool for the gross violations of human rights in the country were the trial in absentia of Prof. Wole Soyinka, charged for treason, and the arrest and detention of Olusegun Obasanjo also jailed for treason. Abacha was also notable for banning political parties, in what people viewed as a means of likely transformation of himself to the life president of the country, and the personal control of the press. Several human rights activists who opposed his policies whether from the military or civil society were either detained without trial or jailed. Many other persons, chiefly members of the press were also jailed. Allegations of coups and counter coups reined in this regime too. The regime abruptly ended when General Sani Abacha reportedly died of heart attack in June 1998 at the Presidential Villa, Abuja.   

Having narrated the background of certain of the human rights violations of two military regimes Nigeria during the military era of the nation, this article will go further in comparing and contrasting the regimes in terms of human rights violations.

In the first place, both regimes were not democratically welcomed by Nigerians as power was ceased through fraudulent means, Buhari/Iidiagbon overthrew a democratically elected government of shehu Shagari , while Abacha ceased power from an interim government led Ernest Shonekan. It is also a known fact that Buhari, Idiagbon and Abacha all participated in the coup that overthrew the government of Shehu Shagari. Abacha and Babangida would further bring down the government of Buhari/Abacha.  

While the regime of Buhari/Idiagbon reigned for too short a period that any political analyst could valuably access, one can still point out that certain violations of human rights charter were committed that resembled the Abacha regime. One can not forget the incessant arrest and detentions of pressmen many of whom were jailed after trials too unconvincing t
o justify their offences. Buhari/Idiagbon shut down some media houses which was also a major feature of Abacha, in trying to personally control information and limit it to the whims and caprices of the regimes. Innocent pressmen who heard the names of Buhari/Idiagbon and Abacha fled for their dare lives and often abandoned their cameras and materials.

The two regimes also shared in the executions of persons globally thought innocent, especially after unconvincing trials, Buhari/Idiagbon executed Bernard Ogedengbe Bartholomew Owoh and Lawal Ojulope in yet a controversial circumstance, while Abacha executed Ken Saro Wiwa and his kinsmen, yet in another controversial circumstances. General sani Abacha operated with many of the draconian decrees set up by Buhari/Idiagbon administration, which both regimes used to try to gag the press and haul many innocent people into prisons.

Both regimes were tough on Nigerians, operating with draconian laws without recourse to the rule of law and legalities. This affected Nigerians negatively and brought sufferings to the people without correcting the anomalies both regimes claimed brought them to power. Again, it would seem that none of these two regimes announced a set date for the return of power to a democratically elected government.

 Both regimes continuously received harsh criticism from the civil populace, and in fact, however, while the overthrow of Buhari/Idiagbon was very surprising to the people, many Nigerians may have rejoiced over the exit of Abacha which they attributed to divine intervention, believing it to be welcome development.

Again, the attitude of Buhari in present time, has been described as a desperate one as he continues to express absolute ambition to once again lead the people of Nigeria, the extent he has pursued this to the Supreme Court level amidst the lack of interest attitude of his party has been used as indices to conclude that Buhari is power thirsty and may not have concluded his plans within himselve as the Head of State of the country to hand over power to any democratically elected government, a date he never mentioned until he was overthrown by Babangida. Abacha also never expressed any desire to hand over to civilians; in essence, both regimes had no plans for transiting to civil rule. Buhari/Idiagbon and Abacha were no democrats.

I have so far tried in some way to compare the regimes and shall now dwell on the area differences between the two regimes, Buhari/Idiagbon we may conclude was a not self-centered one, while that of Abacha was considered selfish with a lot of looting, accountability was not considered a responsibility to the people of Nigeria by Abacha while Buhari/Idiagbon felt they owe the nation regular accountability and transparency.

The major point of departure of these regimes was a more vocal international condemnation of Gen. Abacha which would further lead to the suspension of the country from Commonwealth in November 1995, when the regime hanged Ken Saro Wiwa and nine other persons believed to be enemies of the military regime in the country. This was with further condition “That if no demonstrable progress was made towards the fulfilment of these conditions (democratisation and respect for human rights/release of political prisoners) within a time frame (of two years), Nigeria would be expelled from the association.”

As we later observed Abacha bluffed this condition and the nation was made a pariah State, and in fact a leper-State not deemed fit for relations by other good nations of the world, Abiola would soon die in Jail still die in detention in a controversial State, it was partly as a result of this that the country failed to make it to a particular nations cup in South-Africa.

With the reported recovery of huge sums by the Obasanjo regime from Overseas which has implicated the deceased general and his family in a wholesale looting of Nigeria’s coffers and some $3 or $4 billion USD in foreign assets have been traced to Abacha, his family and their representatives, $2.1 billion of which the Nigerian government tentatively came to an agreement with the Abacha family to return, the Abacha is regarded as highly corrupt, another major departure from the Buhari/Idiagbon regime.

However, we conclude this article by stating that in spite of the differences highlighted here no military government is ever considered good by the people, and as they say, the worst civilian government is better than the best military government.

The leisure and hospitality industry is exceptional in that it combines tune-up with a physical good that’s rooms in a lodging establishment including live shows such as music and acrobatics. The phrase leisure and hospitality has come to include diverse establishments, some of which are simply buildings with rooms to let while others are all-inclusive resort destinations which include shopping, consumption and amusement among other amenities (Andrew, 1999).The concept of social justice in leisure and hospitality industry is highly crucial in that, the industry is extremely attached to service delivery. Hence, corporate social responsibility in relation to the immediate and future interests of the client must be put into concise and logical consideration.

More so, it is important to understand that, social justice in its very nature is both a rational concern and an important issue that is wholly embedded in politics, religion and civil society, though heavily attributed to politics. According to Daniel (1984) the concept of social justice is a major component of natural law of justice, which in nature determines individual ties with the rest of the society. Therefore, all human beings have a basic level of value, meaning, pillars of social justice as dictated in the leisure and hospitality industry reflects the values of all stake holders without discriminating individuals against their social status, sex, creed, nationality or tribe.

The political philosopher John Rawls made a declaration in the book Theory of Justice where he projected that, every person possesses a sacredness founded on integrity that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the defeat of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others (Acere, 2002). All in all, talking about social justice in this industry without reflecting on its impact on the field of employment cannot be fair, in any given disciplines, workers do play a pivotal role to determine the destiny of any given business entity, it is through their eye that an establishment of sound moral standards are founded, here workers includes subordinate and insubordinate staff.

Therefore, where this concept is employed in total, it is expected that there is a room for fairness and workers are not recruited on their gender or color, this is because leisure and hospitality make a significant percentage of our life whether socially or privately. Analytically, it can be agreed that where abuse is rampant, there is a tendency for distaste to evolve and this cannot augur well in an area where service provision forms the core area of transactions (Mutinda, 2009).

Therefore, it is prerogative of stakeholders in this sector to embrace and emulate proper practices that are at par with acceptable parameters enshrined in the cardinal pillars of social justice. Notoriously, in most countries minimum trade standards has been principally disregarded within this industry. Alphonse (2004) noted that, this has heavily eroded this sector, especially in developing and developed third world countries, where, various government agencies are employed to run this lucrative industry. Hence, such institutions as tourim, hotel, music and film industry to mention just but a few calls for strict discipline in all spheres of operation. Since 2000 the impetus for casualised service has accelerated, and pooled with decreased trade union charisma affects not only the height of fulfillment with directives but also the degree to which underpaid and abused employees recover their entitlements (Hezron, 2002).

This in correlation with the rights of employees has seen the concept of social justice succumb to a new meaning. However, with modern technological advancements in communication, newer trends are emerging that are shaping the whole concept of social justice as far as leisure and hospitality is concerned. According to the recent analytical research that was conducted by a leading regional carrier, it was established that, unlike previous years when both the service provider and consumer differed on various subjects which more than often lead to uncontrollable abuse of human rights including loss of property. Today, as Afflek (1988) claimed, customer care has taken the centre stage; the deviant acts of negligence, lack of trust and transparency are being replaced by more hospitable, credible and open institution where the plight of client is held in high esteem.

On moral platform, the major factors that are behind these transformations are attributed to the desire for hospitable environment, healthy competition and the democratic political wind that’s sweeping across the world, forcing many institution to embrace the more humane nature of respecting human values and in business fronts, client respect is no longer a choice but mandatory.  Drawing a line from other business quarters, leisure and hospitality industry, though somehow affected by diverse cultures and geographical setting, human development including social interactions, this industry cannot move without embracing the concepts of social justice in total (Kiarie, 2009).

Think of leisure & Hospitality is it for only those who take pleasure in being a leaders and forever thinking about how to make things better, actually no. This industry is filled with opportunities to nurture and develop individual’s life while improving the experiences of the people you serve.  Numerous jobs do present varied responsibilities where life is electrifying, fascinating and every day different- through meeting and serving people from all over the world.

The Leisure and Hospitality sector is the world’s prime employer and employment opportunities abound all over the globe. It is on this context that viable human approach should be employed to avert misinformation and abuse of individual freedom. By examining what social justice is, as in relation to leisure and hospitality industry, practically it can be accrued that this as a strong and valuable scheme where everyone is entitled to an equal economic, political and social rights. Meaning there is a need for the industry players to open doors of contact and prospect to all including the handicapped. This fact is consolidated by the reality on the ground; especially where services are fully guaranteed and client’s satisfaction are reflected wholly despite the numeral challenges. At a glimpse, Hayziral (2000) stated, the many obligations of leisure and hospitality players indicates how this system underscores everything they do. With foreign clients, for example, industry workers make sure their clients have access to quality food and personal care.

The same is right for aged clients: leisure and industry workers may work to protect them from monetary exploitation or to guarantee that they are receiving the care and service benefits that are of high standard. Due to market demands and more knowledgeable clientele, the leisure and hospitality industry is being forced to adapt measures that are stringent in order to avoid such situation as recorded that some scrupulous industry players in Havana Cuba are eroticizing the service industry in Cuba’s all inclusive beach resorts. Where employees are being forced to endorse unlawful labor practices such as sexual incentive. On moral scope this erodes the spirit of social justice in that; hotel guests are duped to establish sexual relationships with workers in order for hoteliers to reap more reimbursement and opportunities (Juliet, 2006).

It has also been noted that where workers have resisted this approach, many have been subjected to threats, shame and humiliation before potential clients and along their peers. Such incidences have brought into focus the role of social justice in this industry; critics have argued that, even though leisure and hospitality go hand in hand, profit parameters cannot allow vibrant growth in terms of social justice, they noted that, where the cardinals players may have a good and humane towards clients, but prevailing conditions dictate they hike prices and in some circumstances advertise services that are not available, hence distorting the customer perception of fairness through unfair pricing of services, corrupt reservation process and unsatisfying services. Various investigations have offered proof that manipulated information on pricing policies does influence client perception.

These coupled with other malpractices in the industry discredit the purpose and spirit of social justice and instead they    have paved way for social injustice creating a scene where certain barriers are employed to roll such injustices as, prejudice, discrimination, racism, and oppression among others. In general these barriers have continued to impact negatively on this industry. For the last two decades, most social injustices in the world were recorded in the leisure and hospitality industry, according to analysts; this was due to the fact that, most clients were treated according to their financial status.

It is on that note, that leisure and hospitality industry should seek the services of social workers who are trained and are in a position to apply social justice principles to configure social affecting the leisure and hospitality industry. Equipped with concise goals of serving the clients, they can also use information of accessible legal attitude and organizational structure to advocate for changes to guard their clients, who are often defenseless and underserved. For instance, social workers are armed with organizational ethics to ensure that patrons are treated courteously. Likewise, they can inspect the organization’s policies on personal consumer information to make sure it is held in confidence.

Leisure and hospitality industry covers the fields of travel, tourism and leisure, the industry is indeed one of the main monetary contributors to most countries around the world. In order to maintain the sturdy status of the industry, it is necessary that its operators and managers utilize the suitable industry procedures. In terms of decision-making, this process in tourism-based organizations is important as it determines the triumph or breakdown of urbanized trade strategies. Normally, decisions are based on aim and practical matters; however, above all, certain qualitative factors have already been incorporated to make the administrative process more compliant to the vibrant environment of the industry.

In addition, the concepts of social justice have been stressed not only in the hospitality industry but to all forms of businesses. This industry is amid the top growing financial sectors internationally. The industry by itself is acknowledged as multi-billion dollar and still moving ahead. In essence, though it involves hotels and other forms of accommodations, fast food outlets, bars, retail stores, restaurants. These assorted segments of leisure and hospitality trade make the industry to grow and ultimately into an extremely competitive universal commerce. While this industry enables the provision of cosmic services for the customers, labor opportunities are also varied.

Indeed, the requirements of the industry for the clientele are as infinite as its chances for the workforce. People are able to work in different areas of interest while still be in a job within the industry. Additionally, business moral principles on the other hand are defined as the study to facilitate deals with trade evaluation and administrative processes based on ethical values. This notion in essence aims to endorse the industry practice that players should sustain stability involving candid or just operations and success.

The application of this concept in industry is ultimately becoming complex as companies spread out their operations to overseas countries; ethics-related issues appear to differ depending on the business position or location ,thus  destabilizing the application of social justice . Nevertheless, moral values are recognized as a significant constituent of thriving industry operations. This is emphasized further via outrageous trade cases owing to lack of business morals. The practices of social justice are essential in the leisure and hospitality industry for several of reasons. One of which is the issues characteristically encountered in this form of trade. Openness, health and safety issues including fairness, equal treatment, emergency planning, entity and institutional responsibilities, disaster response mechanisms and up to date approval are some industry factors connected to industry ethics and they should be held in high esteem in order to avert abuse or infringement of individual freedom in all areas pertaining to provision of service delivery. In addition, the factors and operations surrounding leisure and hospitality-oriented businesses entail ethical actions and practices. Considering that the main goal is to serve community or tourists, a service that is ethically tolerable should be employed. This type of industry too utilizes or employs innate or ecological wealth for its business; the safety and maintenance of these resources require ethical procedures too.

However, negative image attributed to this industry is heavily eroding its impact, despite widespread popularity, many industry players have failed to integrate with the local population, and this is heavily affecting the many firms and in particular tourism sector, leisure and hospitality industry calls for interdependent between formal and informal players, the reason being the obvious  correlation of cultures may breed to misunderstanding, where the local customers are not satisfied or assume they are being ignored.

More so, another factor that should be accorded significant consideration is psychological and economic effects witnessed in the industry due to internal and external forces, where various firms in the leisure and hospitality business have failed to improve or to positively influence employees through incentives, training and all inclusive family holidays as well as implementing measures that will see to it employees benefits are not ignored.

According to the various industry literature reviews, most workers resolve to primitive antics when dealing with clients, typically giving low quality services and eventually abusing, or robbing potential regular clients. This inconsistency is attributed to the fact that most industry players implement stringent measures that wholly goes in favor of the customer. According to the laid down rules and procedures, all industry players are bound by the uncompromising

Moral values as enshrined in the accepted code of ethics in relation to the spirit of social justice.

Therefore, as the industry continues to advance and more communities embrace this new business prospects, new structures should be implemented in order t o guarantee quality services, either after or before the client is attended. This concept will help the firms involved to guarantee their clients and workers clear terms of service, where human dignity is valued both the client and the service provider will interact without any injury either psychologically or physically.

Due to the nature of the leisure and hospitality industry and the high stake employed in terms of investment, many crucial elements have to be considered to avoid any form of conflict. As previously noted lack of information or sheer ignorance has severely contributed to abuse of human rights where a client attacks or abuses an employee or in some instances or client rejects to be attended by people of certain origin on context that they are uncivilized and primitive. As a noble indicator, major industry players are recognizing the essence of social justice in this business platform, with physical boundaries almost virtually erased and new ventures being delivered now and then, it is important to employ methods and designs that would guarantee practices that would be beneficial to all, meaning the service provider will set frameworks that would facilitate effective service delivery with enhanced and improved Performance.

This will see to it that, whether one is poor, rich or physically disadvantaged will have an equal chance of receiving guaranteed and proper services, while on the other hand, no individual will be denied an opportunity in to serve in this industry due to his or her social, political or financial status.

Hence, as a gesture of humanity, it is imperative that diverse cultures be respected or be incorporated into the industry, as a positive attitude towards various communities involved in the daily today operations of this industry, thus decimating any instances of manipulation and exploitation. Notwithstanding the significance given to issues of social justice and training in cultural aptitude in the leisure and hospitality industry, no modest concentration has been given to the fact that lack of obligation to issues of cultural diversity and cultural capability can grind down abrasively.

By reflecting on accessible social set ups and experiences, it can be noted that the quest for cultural competence is facilitated in the course of an enduring course of reflexivity and communal liability within supportive and productive environments. Therefore, leisure and hospitality industry cannot be separated from the larger society, thus its role of all concerned to adopt the ethical approaches that will positively merge with diverse cultural trends. Thus, the concept of social justice can be said to be effective, if the industry can implement viable programs that would offer opportunities and social benefits in terms of development to the underrepresented communities and women in particular.

Likewise, by incorporating ethics of cultural diversity, universal awareness and social justice into suitable segments of educational curricula, research and scholarship schemes in socio-civic engagement.  Effectively, this can help to strengthen the relation between industry players and the diverse cultural communities involved directly or indirectly in the delivery of services. Due to the tarnished image of leisure and hospitality players in such countries as Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Brazil, where the communities are accusing them of engagement in human trafficking-abducting hundreds of helpless girls and subjecting them to serve as sex slaves. The civil society role is brought into sharp question as to how the players of this booming industry should employ the various measures needed to establish a sound and vibrant enterprise that is all inclusive. In conclusion, it is not easy to estimate the full significance of social justice and how it has revolutionized the leisure and hospitality industry worldwide. This due to the fact that, though many issue are being under or overlooked, the industry cannot leap the projected benefits without considering the effects of malpractices that are arising due to poorly paid and untrained personnel, who in way one or the other are becoming a liability.

One characteristic of good communication skills is the ability to start a conversation. How are you supposed to start a conversation anyway? Starting a conversation is very interesting and it has been coined with so many names. Bachelors call it pick up lines. Salesmen call it pitches. Writers call it an introduction. Come to think of it, how do you even start talking about starting a conversation? Here are some tips that you might want to consider so that you can start a conversation well.

1. Do your homework. If you are going to talk to someone and you know who you are going to be talking to then you should review this person’s background. You have to do your homework. If this person is a Nobel Prize winner then you should review this person’s works. If this person is a businessman then you might want to learn a little about this person’s business and the industry it is in.

If you are going to talk to someone and you have been informed about it already then you better do your homework. The best examples of these people are the talk show hosts. Look at David Letterman, Oprah, and Conan O’Brien. These talk show hosts know a lot about their guests.

2. Don’t come on too strong or too soft. When you meet someone for the first time, you have to strike a perfect balance between aggressiveness and passivity. If you come on to strong then the person you are talking to might think that you are too aggressive. This person might think that you are a harmful and desperate person.

On the other hand, if you come on too soft, this person might think that you are simply uninterested in talking to them. You certainly do not want to go to these two extremes. You have to strike a perfect balance and find the right way to talk to this person.

3. Say the first lines clearly. When you talk to someone for the first time, you have to be very clear when you talk. You do not want the first words out of your mouth to be misinterpreted right away. This is certainly the last thing that you want to happen. If you are going to say something then you have to make sure that you get your idea across properly.

4. Use the person’s name if you have been introduced. It is good to use the person’s name when you talk. This makes the person feel special and unique. If you want to get on the good side of a person then you should use their name often when you talk to them. If you have not been introduced then you should introduce yourself and allow the other person to introduce him or herself to you. Be civilized and act as human beings with each other. Be diplomats in your own right.

5. Avoid sensitive topics like politics, religion, and sexual orientation. If you are going to talk to someone for the first time then you should avoid sensitive topics as much as possible. There are too many issues in sensitive topics like politics, religion, and sexual orientation. It is not advisable to talk about topics like this because you might end up quarreling and debating at the end of the day.

You certainly do not want this to happen to you. Starting a great conversation should not be so hard at all. If you want to build rapport with a fellow human being then you have to make it a point to talk properly and communicate your ideas effectively. Be as polite as possible and avoid topics that will do more harm than good. If you want to enjoy conversation with another person then make sure that you hone your communication skills by practicing the tips mentioned.